Review Article · FIAR-2026-0101
Carbon-Nitrogen Interactions in Plants: Regulation of Nitrogen Assimilation and Metabolic Homeostasis
Department of Botany, Nehru Gram Bharati Deemed to Be University, Prayagraj, India
Abstract
Carbon and nitrogen are the two major elements that jointly determine plant growth, biomass production, developmental plasticity and productivity. Carbon metabolism supplies the energy, reducing power and carbon skeletons required for inorganic nitrogen assimilation, whereas nitrogen is an essential component of photosynthetic proteins, chlorophyll, nucleic acids, amino acids and enzymes required for carbon fixation. Plants must therefore coordinate carbon and nitrogen acquisition, assimilation, transport, storage and utilization according to developmental stage and environmental conditions. This review summarizes the biochemical basis of carbon–nitrogen interactions, regulation of nitrogen assimilation, metabolic and signalling networks involved in carbon–nitrogen homeostasis, responses to environmental stresses, and emerging strategies for improving crop productivity through coordinated manipulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism.
Keywords
carbon metabolism; nitrogen assimilation; C–N balance; GS/GOGAT; nitrate signalling; nitrogen-use efficiency; sucrose; 2-oxoglutarate; TOR; SnRK1; sustainable agriculture
How to cite this article
Tripathi, S. N. (2026). Carbon–nitrogen interactions in plants: Regulation of nitrogen assimilation and metabolic homeostasis. Frontiers of Integrated Academic Research, 1(1), 1–10. https://fiarjournal.in/article/fiar-2026-0101